Parathyroid hormone plays an important role in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, so, influence the mineralization of bone and teeth. Parathyroid disorder may lead to hyper or hyposecretion of hormone, which results in various oral manifestations. Common oral manifestations in patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) are brown tumor, loss of bone density, soft tissue calcification, and dental abnormalities. In hypoparathyroidism, the dental abnormalities are a delay or cessation of dental growth and development, paresthesia of the tongue or lips and alteration of the facial muscles. Dentist can easily diagnose the parathyroid disorders owing to their particular oral manifestations and radiographic finding. Dental management of patients with HPT involves a higher risk of bone fracture, whereas in hypoparathyroidism the caries control is the main concern. It is the important that the dentist be aware of the risks and difficulties that may arise during the dental management of these patients.

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Since past few years, there have been many strategies to combat dental caries, erosion, hypersensitivity, and many other oral conditions. The last decade has seen many advanced researches in the field of dentistry. The scope of dentistry has evolved from only a curative one to a largely preventive one. There have been technologies available for the minimal invasive cure of dental caries, early diagnosis and early reversal of the initial carious lesion using nonoperative techniques. There has also more focus being made to treat dental caries as a process rather than curing the lesion only. The role of saliva, demineralization and remineralization has been better understood. The aim of this paper is to review the contemporary nonfluoridated systems available for remineralization therapy and ideas for their implementation into clinical practice. A search of articles from "PubMed" and "Medline" and databases like Google and Google scholar, ScienceDirect and Wiley with the keywords remineralization, demineralization, nonfluoridated demineralizing agents was conducted in the month of August 2012 out of a total 114 articles, 86 articles have been used in the present evidence-based review.

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Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of direct and indirect face-bow transfer on the horizontal condylar guidance (HCG) values obtained on the semi-adjustable articulator. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 subjects of age 20-30 years, of either sex were selected. Two sets of maxillary and mandibular casts were obtained. A single arbitrary face-bow record was used for mounting the maxillary casts by direct and indirect transfer for each subject. The mandibular casts were mounted using maximum intercuspation record. Protrusive records were made in Alu wax and used to program the directly and indirectly transferred casts. HCG values obtained from cephalometric records were taken as control. The data was subjected to ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: Mean values of HCG obtained in direct face-bow transfer were 24.93°, indirect transfer −27.66°, and cephalometric analysis −32.73°. One-way ANOVA test indicated that there was a significant difference between all the groups (P < 0.05). Tukey's test with Bonferroni's correction (P < 0.01) was significant for direct and indirect transfer (P = 0.008), and direct transfer and cephalometric readings (P = 0.0046). A nonsignificant difference was found between indirect transfer and cephalometric readings (P = 0.047). Conclusion : There is a statistically significant difference in HCG values obtained from direct and indirect face-bow transfer records. Lateral cephalograms gave higher mean HCG values than those obtained from protrusive records. Mean HCG values obtained from indirect face-bow transfers are significantly more than those obtained from direct transfers and are also closer to the values obtained from the lateral cephalograms.

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Ossifying fibromas form a part of the spectrum of fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. They are rare, benign, nonodontogenic tumors that are commonly seen in the head, and neck region. Ossifying fibroma of the jaw is a benign fibro-osseous lesion that is a part of larger family of fibro-osseous lesions that includes - juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma, psammomatous ossifying fibroma, extragnathic ossifying fibroma of the skull. Patients generally present with a history of painless expansion of a tooth bearing portion of the mandible, whereas the lesions of the maxilla are less common. Benign fibro-osseous of the maxilla constitutes a varied group of lesions with a common histologic characteristic: The substitution of normal bone by tissue composed of collagen and fibroblasts with variable amounts of mineralized substance that may be bone, cementum or both. In the present case, we hereby report a 35-year-old male patient who presented with painless swelling over middle one third of face - left side since 8 months. Patient had no significant medical history in the previous past (history of trauma 6 years earlier). Panoramic radiography revealed rounded mixed type of image over left side of posterior maxilla in relation to 23, 24, 25, 26 region, respectively. An incisional biopsy was carried out which yielded a definitive diagnosis of ossifying fibroma of the maxilla. Management of the lesion was carried out by taking into account the benign nature, growth pattern, and behavior of the lesion clinically and radio graphically with regular and periodic follow-up postoperatively.

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Replacement of missing anterior teeth due to periodontal reasons is challenging due to the poor support of abutment teeth. This prevents the use of fixed partial dentures (FPDs). Fiber-reinforced splinting provides a viable alternative to the dentist while choosing a treatment plan in replacing missing anterior teeth in periodontally compromised patients as opposed to conventional modalities like FPDs or removable partial dentures. Replacing missing teeth using either patient's own tooth or a denture tooth as pontic can be done by splinting adjacent teeth with fiber reinforced composite. The splinting has an additional advantage of stabilizing adjacent mobile teeth. This case report details the case selection, procedure with follow-up of a case where the natural extracted tooth of the patient was used as pontic to replace a missing anterior tooth. The splinting was done with fiber reinforced composite resin. Fiber-reinforced composite resin splinting of patient's extracted natural tooth is economical, fast, and easy to use chairside technique with the added benefit of periodontal stabilization.

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Aim: The aim was to determine the gender differences in rugae pattern with regards to the length, number, and shape. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients (25 males, 25 females) aged 30-50 years were randomly selected from the routine outpatient department at Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital. Maxillary impressions were made using alginate hydrocolloid and cast in dental stone. Palatal rugae pattern were then evaluated under the parameters such as length, number, and shape. Results: The association of rugae pattern (length, number, shape) and the gender was analyzed using Chi-square test for qualitative variable and t-test for quantitative variable. The average length of the rugae was greater in males than in females. The average numbers of rugae were same in both males and females. Straight pattern was commonly seen in females than in males. Analysis showed significant difference with parameters like length and shape (straight pattern) in both the males and females. Conclusion: As the analysis showed significant difference with the length and shape of rugae patterns in both males and females, rugoscopy, thereby could be an important tool for gender identification. The study will be continued with larger sample size to expand knowledge about gender differences in palatal rugae patterns.

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Successful treatment with the two-implant overdenture has been documented with multiple implant designs (e.g., hexagonal, Morse taper, internal connection) and many implant systems. Clinicians may select implants for retention of the two-implant overdenture according to personal experience and preference with confidence that treatment success will not be determined by the selection made. This is due primarily to the anatomy and density of the bone in the anterior mandible. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate the concept of immediate functional loading in the mandible using unsplinted implants to support a locator attachment supported overdenture.

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Dental implant treatment is an excellent option for prosthetic restoration that is associated with high success rates. Implant stability is essential for a good outcome. The clinical assessment of osseointegration is based on mechanical stability rather than histological criteria, considering primary stability (absence of mobility in bone bed after implant insertion) and secondary stability (bone formation and remodeling at implant-bone interface). However, due to the invasive nature of the histological methods various other methods have been proposed: Radiographs, the surgeon's perception, Insertion torque (cutting torque analysis), seating torque, reverse torque testing, percussion testing, impact hammer method, pulsed oscillation waveform, implant mobility checker, Periotest, resonance frequency analysis. This review focuses on the methods currently available for the evaluation of implant stability.

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Ameloblastomas are one of the common odontogenic tumors of the oral cavity. They usually present with unilocular or multilocular radiolucency associated with or without impacted tooth. Among the variants of ameloblastomas, desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) casts a mixed radiolucent/radiopaque shadow on X-ray and radiograph seldom suggests a diagnosis of ameloblastoma. DA is a rare entity that exhibits important differences in anatomic distribution, histologic appearance, radiographic findings when compared to other variants of ameloblastoma. This fact has been considered by World Health Organization (WHO) and now it has been included as a separate entity in WHO classification (2005) of odontogenic tumors. About 145 cases of DA have been reported worldwide, but cases reported in India are very few. We report a case of a hybrid variety of DA in a female patient in the anterior maxillary region between 12 and 13 as painless hard swelling, showing mixed radiolucent/radiopaque shadow on radiographic examination. Histopathology revealed odontogenic epithelium in the form of follicles, typical of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma, with cystic degeneration and squamous metaplasia at places and elsewhere there were odontogenic islands compressed by dense fibrocellular stroma suggestive of desmoplasia. Also seen was osseous metaplasia. We have also done a detailed review of literature concerning the presentation of DA.

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Aims and objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of polishing on the microleakage of silorane based Composite (Filtek Z350XT) and Resin modified GIC (Vitremer) restorations in primary teeth. The objectives were to compare the microleakage with and without polishing, and compare the same between the two materials. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on 28 retained deciduous anterior teeth, after they were extracted. The prepared teeth were randomly divided into two groups and restored with the respective materials. The restored teeth were then divided into two subgroups (polished and not polished) of seven each. Finishing and polishing for the designated subgroup was done using the Shofu polishing kit. The teeth were then thermocycled and subjected to 1% methylene blue dye penetration, and sectioned buccolingually. Microleakage was evaluated by observing degree of dye penetration under a stereomicroscope, and data subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The results showed that polishing decreased the microleakage in Composite restorations (P<0.05), not in Resin Modified GIC restorations (P>0.05). Intergroup comparison of the microleakage without polishing was not significant (P>0.05) while the intergroup comparison after polishing was significant (P<0.05), with polished composite showing comparatively less microleakage. Conclusions: The conclusions of the study were that unpolished restorations with both materials did not show any significant difference in the microleakage scores. Composite restorations, after polishing, showed significantly less microleakage in primary teeth, while with Resin Modified GIC restorations, there wasn't any difference in microleakage, with or without polishing.

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This clinical case report describes and demonstrates the successful use of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) in conjunction with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for postextraction socket grafting in maxillary right first premolar area. CPC can be molded to form a scaffold. It has been used previously for regeneration in intrabony defects, but very few clinical studies in humans have reported its use for socket grafting. In this report, we have presented a novel use of CPC in conjunction with PRF for ridge preservation after tooth extraction.

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