Clinical success of fixed prosthodontics is dependent in part upon the type of pontic design. The selection of pontic design plays an important role in the outcome of the treatment. At present, there are many different pontic designs and materials present in the market. For some patients, one pontic may have an advantage over another and the choice is a matter of preference with the operator. It is recognized that clinical circumstances will require infinite variations. Hence, the present study briefs about the unconventional pontic designs which can be used on regular basis for better clinical results.

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Periodontal disease when occurring in children leads to premature tooth loss, affecting the quality of life. Thus, screening pediatric and adolescent patients early, for periodontal disease is deemed imperative to its early management for improved prognosis. Chronic periodontitis (CP) has slow rate of progression, whereas aggressive periodontitis (AP) affecting children and young adults has rapid rate of progression. The management of AP in particular is affected by bacterial virulence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in plaque leading to rapid attachment and bone loss around the affected teeth. Nonsurgical treatment, use of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and surgical correction of defects is required to mitigate disease followed by a comprehensive supportive periodontal therapy. This review visits the current understanding of periodontal disease, its management in pediatric and adolescent patients.

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One of the common endodontic iatrogenic mishaps is the extrusion of obturation material which has a negative effect on the long-term prognosis of the tooth. Surgical endodontics has enabled us to save teeth with persistent infections and extrusions when orthograde treatment has been unsuccessful. Apicoectomy of the molars is not frequently performed even though its success rate can reach that of anteriors and premolars. This case report describes the orthograde and surgical management of a mandibular first molar with external root resorption, instrument separation in the canal, and extruded obturation material, which had been unresponsive to endodontic retreatment.

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Immunohistochemistry is important in diagnosis, investigation, and determining the behavior and pathogenesis of oral tumors. Immunohistochemistry protocols were developed using antibodies tagged with chromogens to identify specific markers. In these protocols, antigen-antibody reactions using nonfluorescent chromogens are analyzed in an optical microscope. Specific diagnostic markers appear extensively in cells of a particular neoplasm and not in other tumors. These markers can be used to assess the cellular lineage and histogenic origin of various neoplasms. This paper reviews the literature on Emerging Applications of Immunohistochemistry in Head and Neck Pathology.

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Purpose: Denture patients should use denture adhesives cautiously. Difficulty in maintaining good oral hygiene can be caused by the presence of a thick deposit of adhesive which may act as a reservoir of Candida albicans. In diabetic condition, chances of infections are more. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of different commercially available denture adhesives on the growth of Candida species in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty edentulous subjects were divided into two main groups and six subgroups based on diabetes and use of three denture adhesives. The swab sample and nonstimulated saliva were collected at the time of denture insertion and 14 days after use of the adhesives. Microbiological procedures were carried out following the same. The data collected in terms of colony forming unit and colony forming unit per milliliter (CFU and CFU/ml) was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Intra- and inter-group comparison showed no significant difference to exist for both test and control group (CG); although, there was a minimal increase in the number of CFU/ml of Candida species at 14 days. Interpretation and Conclusion: There was an overall increase in the number of CFU/ml of Candida species following the use of denture adhesives in CG and test groups and after 14 days of use of denture adhesive. The mean percentage increase in CFU/ml was not of any clinical significance.

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Background: Aloe vera is known for its wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties which may be used for periodontal healing. Early healing of the gingival and periodontal wounds promotes the favorable treatment outcome. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Aloe vera on wound healing following periodontal flap surgery. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with chronic periodontitis requiring periodontal flap surgery were included in this double-blinded, split mouth, randomized, and controlled clinical trial. Sixty interproximal sites were divided into test and control groups. The test sites received an application of fresh Aloe vera extract postoperatively. Postoperative healing was assessed using early healing index (EHI) after the first week and HI after first, second, and third weeks following therapy by a blinded examiner. Results: All patients completed the study (nine male and six female, age range: 30–50 [34.15 ± 3.46] years). Better healing was observed in test sites in comparison to control sites in the first postoperative week as recorded by EHI (P < 0.001) and HI (P = 0.02). However, there were no significant differences between the test and control sites in the second (P = 0.10) and third (P = 0.53) weeks. Conclusion: The application of fresh Aloe vera extract was effective in significantly improving healing scores in the first postoperative week.

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Aims and Objectives: To detect the prevalence of unusual incidental findings on intra- and extra-oral radiographs in North Indian Population: A radiographic study. Methods: All the intra- and extra-oral conventional dental radiographs were analyzed for the period of 2 year along with the radiographic findings related to patient's chief complaint. Results: A total of 6780 conventional intra- and extra-oral dental radiographs were screened and 90 radiographs showed incidental findings. A total of 10 varieties and 95 numbers of incidental findings were noted, 50 (55.55%) affected mandible, and 24 (44.44%) affected maxilla. Out of 90, 44 (48.88%) were bony findings and 46 (51.11%) were dental findings. Most common type of incidental pathology was idiopathic osteosclerosis. The most uncommon type of incidental pathology was regional odontodysplasia with 35 (38.88%), 25 (27.77) cases of cysts, 16 cases of supernumerary teeth (17.77%), 9 (10%) cases of sinus abnormality, 4 (5.40%) of each findings were of odontome, dense in dente, internal resorption, and calcifications. About 1 (1.11%) of each findings were regional odontodysplasia, focal cemental dysplasia. Conclusions: Conventional radiography is still most commonly used tool to primarily investigate lesions quickly with low cost to patient and then further diagnostic and advanced radiological or other examinations can be performed for comparison, periodic follow up, management, and research purposes.

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In routine dental practice, we come across many patients who present with different contour and forms of residual ridges. These may range from severely resorbed to well-formed bulky ridges. There are certain cases in which the premaxilla is labially inclined, and therefore, there is formation of moderate to severe labial undercut. As a result, fabricating esthetic dentures is a task. In such cases, there are two treatment options, namely, surgical and nonsurgical. Surgical treatments include labial alveoloplasty, which is invasive and we have to wait until healing occurs. Hence, a nonsurgical, noninvasive treatment option for construction of complete denture is desired. The labial flanges need to be modified to decrease the fullness on wearing dentures. Thus, labial denture prosthesis is a good and viable treatment modality.

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Neurofibromas (NFs) are benign tumors arising from peripheral nerves. Although common in other head and neck sites, they have rarely been reported in the oral cavity. A 55-year-old male presented with a slowly progressive swelling in the hard palate, which was completely excised. Histopathological examination revealed a NF, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for S-100. The differential diagnosis of NF should be kept in mind while evaluating a swelling arising from the hard palate. The clinical features, types, diagnosis, pathology, and treatment of NF are discussed.

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Papillon–Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by palmoplantar keratinization and premature loss of both primary and permanent dentition. Patients are often edentulous at an early age. Therefore, the dentist should be aware of the same because an early diagnosis of the syndrome can help preserve the teeth by early institution of treatment, using a multidisciplinary approach. Here, we present a case of PLS, along with a comprehensive review of the etiology, clinical features, and management of the condition.

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Ingestion of Foreign body whether intensional or inadvertent is a common cause of esophageal perforation. Any delay in the diagnosis or treatment can lead to respiratory compromise, sepsis, or hemorrhage. Any complications in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the esophagus may requires an urgent approach. If the treatment is delayed more than 24 hrs, the mortality rate may approach to 21%. Among the various causes, coins are the most commonly seen foreign body in the esophagus in children, in adults are the solid components of meals, like bones, and in the elderly population loose tooth or dental prostheses are the most frequently observed ingested foreign bodies. Swallowed Dental prosthesis causing esophageal perforation are commonly encountered in elderly , however they can be seen in any age group using them. Thus, the aim of this report was to present one of these interesting case of esophageal perforation due to a denture ingestion and its treatment in a 42-year-old male.

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